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Q.

Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax in mosquito?

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Detailed Solution

Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax :

Mosquito Phase (Or) Ross Cycle:

It is discovered by Ronald Ross. So, it is also called Ross Cycle.
a) Entry of gametocytes into mosquito:
When a female Anopheles mosquito bites and sucks the blood of malaria patient except gametocytes all other stages are digested.
i) Gametogony : The formation of male and female gametes from the gametocytes is called gametogony.
Formation of male gametes :
a) During this process the nucleus of microgametocyte divides into eight daughter
nuclei.
b) The cytoplasm is pushed out in the form of eight flagella like processes.
c) Exflagellation : These male gametes show lashing movements like flagella and get separated from the cytoplasm of microgametocyte.
Formation of female gametes :
a) The female gametocyte undergoes a few changes and transforms into a female gamete. This process is called maturation.
b) The nucleus of the female gamete moves to the periphery and the cytoplasm at that point forms a projection called fertilization cone.
ii) Fertilization :
a) The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization.
b) An actively moving male gamete reaches the fertilization cone and enters into it.
c) Synkaryon: The pronuclei and cytoplasm of these two gametes fuse with each other
and form a zygote.
d) Anisogamy: The fusion of two dissimilar gametes is known as anisogamy.
iii) Formation of ookinete and oocysts :
a) The zygote remains inactive for some time and then changes into a long, slender, motile vermiform ookinete.
b) It pierces the crop wall of mosquito and becomes round. It secretes a cyst around it.
c) The encysted ookinete is called oocyst.
 

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iv) Sporogony :
a) The formation of sporozoites in the oocyst is called ‘sporogony’.
b) Reduction division : The nucleus of oocyst first undergoes reduction division followed by repeated mitotic divisions.
c) Sporozoites : Each bit of nucleus is surrounded by a little bit of cytoplasm and transform into a sickle shaped sporozoite.
d) Sporocyst : Oocyst with sporozoites is called sporocyst.
e) Liberation of sporozoites : When the sporocyst ruptures, the sporozoites are liberated. They reach the salivary glands. They are infective to man.

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