Describe the major ganglia in Pila and their functions

The nervous system of Pila (Apple Snail) is a concentrated and asymmetrical system consisting of several distinct ganglia (clusters of nerve cell bodies) that control different parts of the body.

• Cerebral Ganglia (Paired): These are two triangular ganglia located on the head, one on each side above the buccal mass (feeding apparatus). They are the "brain" of the snail. 
  Function: They control and receive sensory information from the head region, innervating the snout, tentacles, eyes, and statocysts (balance organs).
• Buccal Ganglia (Paired): These are two small ganglia situated on the sides of the oesophagus, just behind the buccal mass. 
  Function: They exclusively control the complex muscles of the buccal mass, including the radula (rasping tongue), for feeding.
• Pleuro-pedal Ganglia (Paired): These are large, fused ganglionic masses located below the buccal mass. Each mass is formed by the fusion of a pleural ganglion (outer part) and a pedal ganglion (inner part). 
  Function: The pleural part innervates the mantle (the fold of skin that secretes the shell) and the osphradium. The pedal part is large and gives off numerous nerves to the muscular foot, controlling locomotion.
• Supra-intestinal Ganglion (Unpaired): This single ganglion is located on the left side of the body. 
  Function: It innervates the ctenidium (gill) and the pulmonary sac (lung), controlling respiration. It also innervates the osphradium (chemosensor).
• Visceral Ganglion (Fused): This large, bilobed ganglion is located deep in the visceral mass near the heart. It is formed by the fusion of two ganglia. 
  Function: It is the main control center for the visceral organs, sending nerves to the kidney, intestine, heart (pericardium), and the reproductive system.