Describe the properties of plasma and BEC.

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Detailed Solution

Plasma is an ionized “fourth state of matter” that conducts electricity and responds strongly to magnetic fields; Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is an ultra-cold state where many atoms share one quantum state and act like a single “super-atom.”

Property	Plasma	BEC
How it forms	Gas heated/energized until atoms ionize	Gas of bosons cooled near absolute zero
Particles	Free electrons + ions + neutrals	Atoms with same quantum wavefunction
Key behavior	Conductive; affected by E/M fields; shows arcs, filaments	Quantum coherence; superfluid-like effects
Examples	Sun, lightning, neon signs, plasma TV, fusion devices	Ultracold rubidium/sodium condensates in labs
Applications	Semiconductor etching, sterilization, fusion research	Precision sensing, quantum simulation

Plasma traits: Debye shielding, collective oscillations, instabilities; often glows; temperature can be very high.
BEC traits: Extremely low temperature, near zero viscosity flow, matter-wave interference patterns, macroscopic quantum effects.

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