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Difference between 70S and 80S type ribosome

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Detailed Solution

70S ribosomes occur in prokaryotes and mitochondria/chloroplasts; 80S ribosomes occur in eukaryotic cytoplasm, and they differ in size, subunits, rRNAs, proteins, and antibiotic sensitivity.

Feature	70S Ribosome	80S Ribosome
Total S value	70S	80S
Subunits	50S + 30S	60S + 40S
rRNA set	23S, 5S, 16S	28S, 5.8S, 5S, 18S
Typical location	Bacteria; organelles of eukaryotes	Cytoplasm of eukaryotes
Size	~20 nm	~25–30 nm
Antibiotic sensitivity	Targets like tetracycline, chloramphenicol	Insensitive to many bacterial antibiotics
Translation speed	Fast initiation in bacteria	Complex initiation with eIFs

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Difference between 70S and 80S type ribosome