Differentiate between the genetic codes given below :
(a) Unambiguous and universal
(b) Degenerate and initiator

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Detailed Solution

a) Unambiguous: Only one amino acid is coded by one codon. This is an unambiguous code.
Universal: Some codons are the same in all organisms. This is a universal code. E.g., UUU would code for Phenylalanine(phe) from bacteria to humans. These are certain exceptions of this rule in mitochondrial codons and in some protozoans.

b) Degenerate: When more than one codon codes for an amino acid, it is said to be degenerate.

Initiator: The amino acid codon which codes for the start codon is called initiator. E.g., AUG is the start codon which codes for the amino acids methionine.

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