Differentiate vertebrates on the basis of nitrogenous waste products they excrete giving examples?

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Detailed Solution

These are 3 types :
1. Ammonotelic vertebrates: The chief nitrogenous waste material is ammonia.
* Highly toxic and readily soluble in water.
* Eg : Bony fishes, larval forms of amphibians.
2. Ureotelic vertebrates : The chief nitrogenous waste material is urea.
* Urea is produced in liver by ornithine cycle.
* It is 1,00,000 times less toxic than ammonia.
Eg : Cartilage fishes, amphibians and mammals.
3. Uricotelic vertebrates: The chief nitrogenous material is uric acid.
* It is mainly formed from ammonia mostly in
liver.
* It is less toxic than urea, insoluble in water and excreted in the form of semi-solid paste or
pellets.
Eg : Reptiles and birds.

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