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Q.

Dipole moment of NF3 is smaller than: 

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a

NH3

b

CO2

c

BF3

d

CCl4

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

  • Both the molecules have a pyramidal shape with a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
  • Although fluorine is more electronegative than nitrogen, the resultant dipole moment of NH3​ (4.90×10−30 CM) is greater than that of NF3​ (0.8×10−30 Cm).
  • This is because in case of NH3​ the orbital dipole due to lone pair is in the same direction as the resultant dipole moment of the N - H bonds.
  • Whereas in NF3​ the orbital dipole is in the direction opposite to the resultant dipole moment of the three N - F bonds. The orbital dipole because of the lone pair decreases the effect of the resultant N - F bond moments, which results in the low dipole moment of NF3​.
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