Distinguish between isobar and isotherm

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Detailed Solution

Isobar

Definition: An isobar is a line on a graph or diagram that represents all the states of a system where the pressure remains constant.
Meaning: “Iso” = same, “bar” = pressure.
Representation: In a Pressure–Volume (P–V) graph, an isobar is shown as a horizontal line (since pressure is constant).
Example: Heating a gas in a container with a movable piston at constant pressure.

Isotherm

Definition: An isotherm is a line on a graph or diagram that represents all the states of a system where the temperature remains constant.
Meaning: “Iso” = same, “therm” = temperature.
Representation: In a Pressure–Volume (P–V) graph, an isotherm is a curved line (hyperbola) showing Boyle’s Law.
Example: Expansion of a gas in a cylinder when the temperature is kept constant.

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