Distinguish between X and Y chromosomes

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Feature	X Chromosome	Y Chromosome
Presence	Found in both males and females (XX in females, XY in males)	Found only in males
Size	Larger in size	Smaller in size
Genes	Contains ~1000 genes, including those for normal body functions and some sex-linked traits	Contains ~70–200 genes, mostly related to male sex determination and spermatogenesis
Sex Determination	Does not determine maleness but contributes to femaleness (XX = female)	Determines maleness through the SRY gene (XY = male)
Inheritance	Can be inherited from both parents (mother to both son & daughter, father to daughter)	Always inherited from father to son
Functions	Essential for normal development, carries genes for many proteins and enzymes	Mainly regulates male characteristics and reproduction