During light reaction of photosynthesis, a proton gradient is established across the thylakoid membrane between lumen and stroma. The reasons for this proton gradient are:
A. Photolysis of water in the lumen
B. Pumping of protons into lumen from stroma with the help of PQ and Cytochrome b₆/f complex.
C. Removal of some protons of stroma for the formation of NADPH during non-cyclic electron transport
D. Movement of protons from lumen to stroma during ATP formation in CF particles.

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C and D

A and B

B, C and D

A, B and C

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Proton gradient across thylakoid membrane is established between stroma and lumen of chloroplast due to decrease in proton concentration in stroma (increase in pH) and increase in lumen of thylakoid (decrease in pH), due to

Photolysis of water in the lumen
Pumping of protons into lumen from stroma with the help of PQ and Cytochrome b₆/f complex.
Removal of some protons of stroma for the formation of NADPH during non-cyclic electron transport.

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