During the last 30 years, changes have taken place in:

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Irrigation

Farming

Technology

All of these

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

During the last 30 years, changes have taken place in irrigation, farming, and technology.
1) Modifications to the irrigation system: Initially, farmers relied on rainfall; subsequently, they began using the Persian wheel to pull water from wells. Tube wells were employed for more efficient and effective irrigation as technology advanced.
2) Modifications to farming techniques: In the past, fields were ploughed using bullock-drawn ploughs, which was laborious and time-consuming. They fertilized their crops with cow dung and common seeds.
3) Technological advancements: Farmers began to implement HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, and modern equipment like tractors and threshers, which increased yield per hectare and enhanced the quality of life for farmers.

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