Element A has 4 valence electrons in its outermost shell. The element A is

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Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon

Fluorine

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

The element A is carbon.
The carbon atom has 4 valence (outermost) electrons. Because of this configuration, it is easier for the C atom to share its 4 electrons with another atom or atoms than to lose or gain four electrons. Carbon has the chemical symbol C and the atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent, with each atom releasing four electrons to form covalent chemical bonds. It is in Periodic Group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon accounts for only about 0.025 percent of the Earth's crust.

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