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Emphysema is characterised by

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smaller alveoli; increased surface area for gas exchange

smaller alveoli; decreased surface area for gas exchange

larger alveoli; increased surface area for gas exchange

larger alveoli; decreased surface area for gas exchange

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

In emphysema, alveolar walls are damaged due to the destruction of elastic fibres. This results in larger and fewer alveoli and the total surface area for gas exchange decreases. One major cause of emphysema is cigarette smoking.

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