Estimate the amount of energy in a tertiary consumer, if NPP is 8000 kJ.

Explanation:

Energy transfer in an ecosystem follows the 10% Rule, which states that only about 10% of energy is passed on to the next trophic level, while the rest is lost as heat or used for metabolic processes.

1. Net Primary Productivity (NPP): 8000 kJ (energy available to primary consumers).
2. Primary Consumers: 10% of 8000 = 800 kJ.
3. Secondary Consumers: 10% of 800 = 80 kJ.
4. Tertiary Consumers: 10% of 80 = 8 kJ.

Thus, the energy available to a tertiary consumer is 8 kJ.