Q.

Exhibition of various oxidation states by transition elements is due to

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a

Less energy difference between ns and (n–1)d sub-shells

b

Small atomic size of transition elements

c

High nuclear charge of transition elements

d

Because they are d-block elements

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

As we know transition elements have (n-1)d and ns electrons. Since, the energy difference between (n-1) and ns sub shell is very less. Thus after losing s and d - elctrons transition metal can acquire immediate half  filled  and fully filled stable configuration. They may have more than such  intermediate states. Hence, the transition metals have variable oxidation states.

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Exhibition of various oxidation states by transition elements is due to