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Explain refraction through a parallel-sided glass slab?

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Detailed Solution

Light bends when it enters the glass and bends back when it leaves, so the ray shifts sideways but stays parallel to itself.

Step 1: Air → glass: ray bends towards normal (higher refractive index).
Step 2: Inside glass: travels straight.
Step 3: Glass → air: ray bends away from normal.
Result: Emergent ray is parallel to incident ray with a lateral shift.

Term	Meaning
Refractive index (n)	How much a medium slows light; for glass ~1.5
Lateral shift	Sideways displacement between incident and emergent rays
Snell’s law	n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r

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