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Q.

Explain size and structural differences with measurements?

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Detailed Solution

Bacterial cells are microscopic, typically 0.5–5 micrometers (µm) in size, while onion cells are much larger, around 100–400 µm long. Structurally, bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Their DNA floats freely in a region called the nucleoid. Onion cells are eukaryotic, containing a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and chloroplasts. Bacteria have a simple cell structure with a plasma membrane, cell wall, and sometimes flagella or pili for movement. Onion cells have a thick cellulose wall, large central vacuole for water storage, and clearly visible cell boundaries under a microscope. The size difference is vast: dozens of bacteria could fit inside one onion cell. This reflects their functional differences bacteria perform all life processes within a single compartment, while onion cells are specialized units in a multicellular organism.

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