Explain the biological importance of sodium and potassium.

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Detailed Solution

Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are essential electrolytes that play vital roles in maintaining body functions. Both are required for nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and fluid balance.

Functions of Sodium

Maintains osmotic balance and water distribution between cells and blood.
Regulates blood pressure and blood volume.
Essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle function.
Helps transport nutrients across cell membranes.

Functions of Potassium

Maintains cell membrane potential and nerve signal transmission.
Supports heart function by regulating heartbeat rhythm.
Balances body fluids along with sodium.
Activates many enzymes involved in metabolism.

Property	Sodium (Na)	Potassium (K)
Main location	Extracellular fluid	Intracellular fluid
Major role	Maintains osmotic balance	Maintains cell potential
Normal blood level	135–145 mEq/L	3.5–5.0 mEq/L

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