Explain the fundamental theorem of arithmetic briefly

The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic is a simple but powerful concept. It states:

"Every integer greater than 1 is either a prime number itself or can be represented as a unique product of prime numbers (ignoring the order of the factors)."

This means prime numbers are the "building blocks" or "atoms" for all other numbers. No matter how you break down a composite number, you will always end up with the exact same set of prime factors.

• Example 1: The number 12. 
  12 = 2 × 6 = 2 × 2 × 3
12 = 3 × 4 = 3 × 2 × 2
  In both cases, the prime factorization is 22 × 3. There is no other combination of primes that will multiply to 12.
• Example 2: The number 50. 
  Its unique prime factorization is 2 × 5 × 5, or 2 × 52.