Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic unimolecular substitution (SN1). Reaction with one example.

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Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic unimolecular substitution (SN¹). Reaction with one example.

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Detailed Solution

In SN¹ reaction rate depends upon only the concentration of the alkyl halide and independent of nucleophile $Rate \propto [RX]$
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Mechanism :- It takes place in two steps
Step-I: The alkyl halide Ionises to give carbonium ion and Br^–. This is slow step and is rate determining step.

rate ∝ [tertiary butyl halide]
Step -II: In the second step , the carbonium ion combines with nucleophile to form the final substituted product and it is fast step.
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