Explain the structure of the human brain in detail.

The human brain is divided into three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Each part has specialized regions that control different body functions, thoughts, and emotions.

Main Divisions of the Brain

1. Forebrain: The largest part of the brain, responsible for thinking, memory, decision-making, and sensory processing.
   • Cerebrum: Controls voluntary actions, intelligence, emotions, speech, and senses.
   • Thalamus: Relays sensory signals to the brain.
   • Hypothalamus: Controls hunger, thirst, sleep, and body temperature.
2. Midbrain: Acts as a bridge between forebrain and hindbrain. It helps in vision, hearing, motor control, and alertness.
3. Hindbrain: Controls balance, breathing, and vital body functions.
   • Cerebellum: Maintains posture and coordination of muscles.
   • Pons: Connects different parts of the brain and helps in breathing control.
   • Medulla Oblongata: Controls involuntary actions like heartbeat, breathing, and digestion.

Protective Layers of the Brain

• Skull: Hard bony covering.
• Meninges: Three protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater).
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): Cushions and nourishes the brain.

Functions of Different Parts