Explain the use of microorganisms in medicine.

Microorganisms are used in medicine to make antibiotics, vaccines, and vitamins. Microbes like bacteria and fungi help produce life-saving drugs. For example, the fungus Penicillium produces penicillin, the first antibiotic. Other microbes are used to create vaccines that protect us from diseases like polio, hepatitis, and measles. 

Bacteria are also used to make vitamins like B12. In gene therapy and insulin production, microorganisms play a major role.

Main medical uses of microorganisms:

• Producing antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)
• Creating vaccines
• Making vitamins
• Producing insulin using genetically modified bacteria

Thus, microorganisms help in treating and preventing diseases and are essential in modern medicine.