Explain unity of command and equity as principles of general management

Unity of command means an employee should receive orders from only one superior, while equity means managers should treat all employees fairly and kindly.

1. Unity of Command

• Meaning: Each employee should report to one manager only.
• Purpose: Avoids confusion and conflicting instructions.
• Example: In an office, if both HR and Finance heads give orders to the same employee, it creates conflict. Unity of command prevents this.

Importance

• Improves discipline and efficiency.
• Ensures clarity in communication.
• Reduces stress and misunderstanding among employees.

2. Equity

• Meaning: Managers should treat employees with fairness and kindness while maintaining discipline.
• Purpose: Creates a positive work environment and loyalty among workers.
• Example: Giving equal opportunities for promotion and respecting every employee’s effort.

Importance

• Encourages teamwork and motivation.
• Builds trust between management and staff.
• Reduces employee turnover and dissatisfaction.