Explain with the suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy

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Phyllotaxy (the arrangement of leaves on a stem) is classified into three main types: alternate, opposite, and whorled.

(1) Alternate Phyllotaxy

In this type, a single leaf grows at each node, and the leaves are arranged alternately along the stem.
Examples: Rose, sunflower, mustard.

(2) Opposite Phyllotaxy

Here, two leaves arise at the same node, placed directly opposite each other on the stem.
Examples: Guava, caltrops.

(3) Whorled Phyllotaxy

In this arrangement, more than two leaves grow at a single node, forming a whorl-like pattern.
Examples: Alstonia, kaner, tulsi, mountain laurel, lemonwood.

Note: Opposite phyllotaxy is further divided into two subtypes:

Superposed: The pairs of leaves are placed one above the other in the same plane.
Decussate: Each pair of leaves is placed at right angles to the pair above or below it.

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