Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to

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all genes that are expressed as proteins

all genes that are expressed as RNA

all genes whether expressed or unexpressed

certain important expresses genes

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) refer to all genes that are expressed as RNA.
ESTs are short DNA sequences that represent fragments of expressed genes. They are generated through a process called cDNA sequencing, which involves converting the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules transcribed from expressed genes into complementary DNA for sequencing. ESTs help identify and catalogue expressed genes in a particular organism.
(1) ESTs do represent fragments of expressed genes, but they do not exclusively represent important expressed genes.
(3) ESTs include the expressed genes at the RNA level, including both protein coding genes and non-coding RNA genes, rather than exclusively focusing on protein-coding genes.
(4) ESTs do not represent unexpressed genes. They only include a subset of genes that are actively transcribed and producing mRNA molecules.

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