F₂ absorbs ........ portion of light and appear yellow and I₂ absorbs .......... portion of light and appears violet

F₂ absorbs Violet portion of light and appear yellow and I₂ absorbs Yellow  portion of light and appears violet. It is due to The absorption of light by a molecule is related to the energy levels of its electrons. When a molecule absorbs light of a specific wavelength, it promotes its electrons from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. The energy difference between the two levels is equal to the energy of the absorbed light.

In the case of fluorine (F₂), it absorbs light in the violet portion of the spectrum, which has a shorter wavelength and higher energy than yellow light. When F₂ absorbs violet light, it promotes its electrons to a higher energy level, and the molecule appears yellow. This is because the complementary color of violet is yellow, so the yellow color is what is transmitted or reflected after violet light is absorbed.

In contrast, iodine (I₂) absorbs light in the yellow portion of the spectrum, which has a longer wavelength and lower energy than violet light. When I₂ absorbs yellow light, it promotes its electrons to a higher energy level, and the molecule appears violet. This is because the complementary color of yellow is violet, so the violet color is what is transmitted or reflected after yellow light is absorbed.

The absorption of different colors of light by a molecule can provide valuable information about its electronic structure and properties.