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Q.

Find the torque and the force between two circular loops of wire, carrying the same currents I, and of the same radius R, when they are located a distance L apart, with LR, and with their axes parallel and the currents in the same direction. Express the torque and the force in terms of the angle θ between their axes and their line of centers.

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a

μ0IR22sin2θ-3cos2θL4

b

3μ0IR22sin2θ-3cos2θL4

c

32μ0IR22sin2θ-3cos2θL4

d

12μ0IR22sin2θ-3cos2θL4

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

With LR, the two loops act like two magnetic dipoles with magnetic moment μ0IA, where A is the area of the loop. The induction B at loop two due to loop one can be resolved into two components; Br, in the direction of increasing r, and Bθ in the direction of increasing θ. We find

Br=μ02IR2cosθL3=μ02IR2xx2+y22

Bθ=μ02IR2sinθL3=μ02IR2yx2+y22

where x=Lcosθ,y=Lsinθ, and μ0IπR2 is the equivalent dipole moment of each loop. The torque on loop two is

τ=1A×B=μ0IA×H

τ=IπR2Btsinθ+Bθcosθ

  =3πμ0I2R4sinθcosθ4L3

The direction of the torque is pointing into the plane of the paper. The force on loop two is

F=Fθ+Fr

where Fθ=IR2dBθdx

                =-μ04I2R2y2×2xx2+y23=-μ0IR22xyx2+y23=-μ0IR22sinθcosθL4

and Fr=IR2dBrdx

           =12μ0IR22y2-3x2x2+y23

           =12μ0IR22sin2θ-3cos2θL4

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Find the torque and the force between two circular loops of wire, carrying the same currents I, and of the same radius R, when they are located a distance L apart, with L≫R, and with their axes parallel and the currents in the same direction. Express the torque and the force in terms of the angle θ between their axes and their line of centers.