First genetically modified plant commercially released in India is

A. Golden rice

B. Flavr Savr

C. Bt brinjal

D. Bt cotton

• Genetic modification (GM): Plant DNA is altered using genetic engineering to build insect resistance, raise yield, boost disease tolerance, and enhance nutrition, among other goals.
• India’s first commercial GM crop:Bt cotton, created by inserting cry genes (cry1Ac, cry2Ab) from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into cotton. These genes make an endotoxin lethal to specific insect pests.
• How Bt cotton helps: The Bt toxin controls bollworms, reducing crop damage and increasing yield.
• Note: “Bt” stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, not “biotechnology.”

Therefore, the correct answer is (D) Bt cotton.