Flippers of penguins and dolphins are the example of

The flippers of penguins and dolphins are an example of analogous structures.
Analogous structures are structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. They arise independently in different species due to similar environmental pressures and adaptive needs.
Both penguins and dolphins have adapted to living in aquatic environments and have developed flippers as specialized appendages for swimming. However, penguins are birds, while dolphins are
Mammals. Their flippers have different underlying anatomical structures and evolutionary origins.
(1) Homologous structures are structures that have similar evolutionary origins but may have different functions.
(3) The similarity in the flippers of penguins and dolphins is due to convergent evolution, where distantly related species independently develop similar adaptations in response to similar selective pressures. It is not a case of divergent evolution.
(4) Homologous structures (but not analogous structures) play a significant role in adaptive radiation.