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Q.
For continued oxidation of Acetyl CoA via TCA cycle requires
I) Continued replenishment of the first member of TCA cycle.
II) Regeneration of NAD+ and FAD+ from NADH+H+ and FADH2.
III) Continued replenishment of NADH+H+ and FADH2 from NAD+ and FAD+ .
IV) Continued formation of GTP during oxidation of fumaric acid.
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a
I and II only
b
II and III only
c
II and IV only
d
I and IV only
answer is D.
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Detailed Solution
Continued replenishment of the first member of the TCA cycle - True. The TCA cycle begins with the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate to form citrate. Therefore, the availability of oxaloacetate is essential for the continuous operation of the cycle. Oxaloacetate can be replenished through various pathways, such as pyruvate carboxylation or through intermediates of other metabolic pathways.
Regeneration of NAD+ and FAD+ from NADH+H+ and FADH2 - True. During the TCA cycle, NAD+ and FAD+ are reduced to NADH+H+ and FADH2, respectively, through redox reactions. To maintain the TCA cycle, it is crucial to regenerate NAD+ and FAD+ from their reduced forms, as they are needed as electron carriers for subsequent cycles. This regeneration typically occurs through the electron transport chain, where NADH+H+ and FADH2 donate electrons, ultimately leading to the generation of ATP.
Continued replenishment of NADH+H+ and FADH2 from NAD+ and FAD+ - False. The replenishment of NADH+H+ and FADH2 occurs through the oxidation of substrates within the TCA cycle, not from NAD+ and FAD+ directly. NADH+H+ and FADH2 are produced as a result of the TCA cycle reactions and are then utilized in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.
Continued formation of GTP during the oxidation of fumaric acid - False. GTP is produced during substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA cycle, specifically during the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate by succinyl-CoA synthetase. Fumaric acid is formed after succinate in the TCA cycle and does not directly involve the production of GTP.