From the following table

Buffer solution volume of 0.1M weak acid(in ml) volume of 0.1M sodium salt of weak acid (in ml)

I. 4.0 4.0

II. 4.0 40.0

III. 40.0 4.0

IV. 0.1 10

Which of the two sets of buffer solutions have least pH ?

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I and II

I and III

II and III

II and IV

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

P^H of an acidic buffer is given by,

$P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{[salt]}{[acid]}$

$I . P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{4 \times 0.1}{4 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}}$

$II . P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{40 \times 0.1}{4 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}} + 1$

$III . P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{4 \times 0.1}{40 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}} - 1$

$IV \cdot P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{10 \times 0.1}{0.1 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}} + 2$

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Buffer solution	volume of 0.1M weak acid(in ml)	volume of 0.1M sodium salt of weak acid (in ml)
I.	4.0	4.0
II.	4.0	40.0
III.	40.0	4.0
IV.	0.1	10