Gene “B” in the pea is responsible for producing the enzyme needed for starch synthesis.  If one of it’s two alleles underwent modification to produce a less efficient enzyme, what will be the seed shape and size of the starch grain respectively? 

A single gene product may produce more than one effect. For example, starch synthesis in pea seeds is controlled by one gene. It has two alleles (B and b). Starch is synthesized effectively by BB homozygotes and therefore, large starch grains are produced. In contrast, bb homozygotes have lesser efficiency in starch synthesis and produce smaller starch grains. After maturation of the seeds, BB seeds are round and the bb seeds are wrinkled. Heterozygotes produce round seeds, and so B seems to be the dominant allele. But, the starch grains produced are of intermediate size in Bb seeds. So, if starch grain size is considered as the phenotype, then from this angle, the alleles show incomplete dominance.

So, the gene coding for the shape of the seed and the size of the starch grain is one and the same.

For shape of the seed, it shows a dominant recessive relationship, but for the size of starch grain, it shows  incomplete dominance.