Give a brief property of ice vs liquid water vs vapor?

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Detailed Solution

Property	Ice (solid)	Liquid water	Water vapour (gas)
Particle arrangement	Fixed, open hexagonal lattice	Dynamic, closely packed; transient H-bond network	Far apart, random motion
Hydrogen bonds	~4 per molecule, stable	~3–4 on average, constantly breaking/forming	Rare, fleeting (nearly none)
Density at ~1 atm	~0.917 g/cm³ (0 °C)	~0.998 g/cm³ (20 °C); max 0.99997 at 4 °C	~0.0006 g/cm³ (25 °C)
Volume vs liquid	Larger (expands on freezing)	Reference	Much larger (fills container)
Shape/flow	Fixed shape, no flow	Takes container shape, flows	Fills container, compressible
Compressibility	Very low	Low	High
Thermal motion	Vibrational only	Translational + rotational + vibrational	Dominantly translational
Heat capacity (per mass)	High	Very high (~4.18 J g⁻¹ K⁻¹)	Lower than liquid (per mass)
Thermal conductivity	Higher than liquid	Moderate	Very low
Diffusion rate	Very slow	Moderate	Very fast
Dielectric constant	High	Very high (~80 at 20 °C)	Low (~1.0–1.5)
Phase change point*	Melts at 0 °C	Boils at 100 °C	Condenses at 100 °C