Give full form of LPG and CNG.

LPG and CNG are fuels. One of these two gases is very commonly used in the kitchen. Another one is used in vehicles.

Complete step-by-step solution –

LPG and CNG stand for Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Compressed Natural Gas, respectively.

• LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas):
  LPG is generally obtained by refining petroleum or by extracting wet natural gas from reservoirs. It is mainly composed of propane (C₃H₈) and butane (C₄H₁₀).
  • It is widely used in kitchens as LPG cylinders and through pipelines.
  • It is also used for central heating and water heating in homes.
  • LPG is heavier than air.
• CNG (Compressed Natural Gas):
  CNG is a gaseous fuel obtained from methane wells, coal wells, and natural gas wells. It is mainly composed of methane (CH₄).
  • It is methane stored at high pressure (20–25 MPa).
  • It is commonly used as a fuel in automobiles, buses, and locomotives.
  • It is also used as an aerosol in rockets because it disperses quickly into the air.

Additional Information:
When comparing LPG and CNG, LPG is more efficient as a fuel because it has a higher calorific value.

• Calorific value of LPG: 90–95 MJ/m³
• Calorific value of CNG: 35–40 MJ/m³

Both LPG and CNG are clean fuels. They leave fewer residues and are better for the environment. They also replace harmful fuels like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which damage the ozone layer. Recently, LPG has also been used as an aerosol propellant in rockets.