Give functions of acrosome?

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Detailed Solution

The acrosome helps a sperm enter the egg by releasing enzymes that digest the egg’s outer layers.

It is a cap-like structure at the tip of the sperm head, formed from the Golgi apparatus. It contains hydrolytic enzymes essential for fertilization.

Main functions

Acrosome reaction: When a sperm reaches the egg, the acrosome membrane fuses with the sperm membrane and releases enzymes.
Zona pellucida penetration: Enzymes like hyaluronidase and acrosin digest the protective layers around the ovum, especially the zona pellucida.
Binding and recognition: Acrosomal proteins help the sperm bind to receptors on the zona pellucida for species-specific recognition.
Assists fertilization: By clearing a path, the acrosome enables the sperm nucleus to reach and fuse with the egg cell membrane.

Why it matters

Fertility: Defects in acrosome formation or reaction can cause male infertility.
Contraception research: Targeting acrosomal enzymes may help develop new contraceptives.
Assisted reproduction: Techniques like ICSI can bypass some acrosomal issues.

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