Give the scientific names for the following topics:

(i)   The mechanism by which variations are created and inherited and,

(ii)    From the existing ones the development of new types of organisms.

Variation is important for the population because it helps individuals to adapt to the changing environment. It increases the chances of survival. Variation can also occur inside the Genus. Types of variation: somatic variation: occurs within the somatic cells. They can not be inherited. Germinal variation occurs within the generative cells, I.e. egg or sperm. They can be heritable. Evolution is a change in the variation of a species's characters over time for many generations. Evolution can be studied by studying the DNA of each generation's individuals. Heredity is the process by which the allele or genes from the parent are transformed into the offspring. Asexual reproduction produces the individuals who are. And there is no variation in the DNA. Hence it will not involve evolution. This is because asexual reproduction involves only one parent, no gametes are involved, and fertilisation is absent.

In the case of sexual reproduction, two parents are involved, so the genetic material is shared by both parents. And the offspring produced will be different from that of the parent. So it provides variation and later leads to evolution. It involves the formation of gametes and fertilisation. (i) The mechanism by which variations are created and inherited is sexual reproduction. (ii) The development of a new type of organism from an existing one is called evolution.