Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Pulmonary gas exchange is impaired in people suffering from emphysema.
Reason (R) : In these people, alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface area is decreased.
In the light of the given statements, choose the correct answer from the options given.

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Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true but (R) is false.

Both (A) and (R) are false.

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in which the walls of the alveoli (small air sacs in the lungs) are damaged, causing them to lose their elasticity and collapse. This results in a decrease in the surface area available for gas exchange, which impairs the ability of the lungs to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.

The assertion (A) is true as emphysema does indeed lead to impaired pulmonary gas exchange. The reason (R) is also true as the alveolar walls' damage in emphysema results in a reduction of the respiratory surface area available for gas exchange.

Therefore, (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

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