Q.

Given below are two statements. One is labelled Assertion (A) and the other is labelled Reason (R).
Assertion (A): There are six different genotypes of human ABO blood types.
Reason (R): Human ABO blood types are determined by three alleles.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

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a

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

b

Both (A) and (R) are false.

c

(A) is true but (R) is false.

d

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

ABO blood groups are controlled by the gene I. The gene (I) has three alleles, IA, IB, and i. The alleles IA and IB produce a slightly different form of sugar, while allele i does not produce any sugar. Because humans are diploid organisms, each person possesses two of the three I gene alleles. IA and IB are completely dominant over i, in other words, when IA and i are present, only IA expresses (because i does not produce any sugar), and when IB and i are present, IB expresses. But when IA and IB are present together they both express their types of sugars: this is because of co-dominance. 

Hence, red blood cells have both A and B types of sugars. Since there are three different alleles, there are six different combinations of these three alleles that are possible, and therefore, a total of six different genotypes of the human ABO blood types.

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