Given below are two statements. One is labelled Assertion (A) and the other is labelled Reason (R).
Assertion (A): In ammonotelic fishes, kidneys do not play any significant role in the removal of ammonia.
Reason (R): As ammonia is highly soluble, it is excreted by diffusion through gill surfaces as ammonium ion.
In the light of above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

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Both (A) and (R) are false.

(A) is true but (R) is false.

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Assertion (A) states that in ammonotelic fishes, kidneys do not play any significant role in the removal of ammonia. This assertion is true. Ammonotelic fishes primarily excrete ammonia directly from their gills or skin, rather than relying on their kidneys for ammonia excretion.

Reason (R) states that ammonia, being highly soluble, is excreted by diffusion through gill surfaces as ammonium ion. This reason is also true. Ammonia is highly soluble in water and can easily diffuse across the gill surfaces into the surrounding water, where it gets converted to the less toxic ammonium ion (NH₄⁺). This process is efficient in eliminating ammonia from the body of ammonotelic fishes.

Furthermore, Reason (R) explains why kidneys do not play a significant role in the removal of ammonia in ammonotelic fishes. Since ammonia can be efficiently excreted through the gills, there is less reliance on the kidneys for ammonia excretion.

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