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Q.
Given below are two statements.
Statement I : DNA polymerases catalyse polymerisation only in one direction, that is 5’→3’.
Statement II : During replication of DNA, on one strand, the replication is continuous while on other strand, it is discontinuous.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
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a
Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.
b
Both statement I and statement II are correct.
c
Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
answer is A.
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Detailed Solution

Both statement I and statement II are correct.
SI: DNA polymerases are enzymes responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA during processes like DNA replication and DNA repair. DNA polymerases can only add new nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing DNA strand. This results in DNA synthesis occurring in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Because of this directional synthesis, the new DNA strand grows in the 5’ to 3’ direction, while the template strand is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
SII: DNA replication is a semiconservative process where each parental DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. Due to the 5’ to 3’ polarity of DNA polymerases, DNA replication proceeds differently on the two template strands:Leading Strand: On one template strand (the leading strand), DNA synthesis occurs continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction as the replication fork moves forward. The DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides in a continuous manner, utilizing only one RNA primer near the replication origin.
Lagging Strand: On the other template strand (the lagging strand), DNA synthesis occurs discontinuously.
In short fragments called Okazaki fragments. This happens because the DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and as the replication fork moves, the strand is unwound in the opposite direction.
As a result, multiple RNA primers are required along the lagging strand to initiate each Okazaki fragment. After each Okazaki fragment is synthesized, it is later joined together by DNA ligase to form a continuous DNA strand.