Gujarati traders such as the Hindu ____ and Muslim Bohras traded extensively with the Red Sea, East Africa, and Persian Gulf ports.

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Gujarati traders such as the Hindu Baniyas and Muslim Bohras traded extensively with the Red Sea, East Africa, and Persian Gulf ports. Several kinds of traders, such as the Banjaras and horse traders, formed associations in mediaeval times. Traders usually travelled in caravans and had to pass through several kingdoms. They formed guilds or associations to protect their interests. The most famous guilds in south India during the eighth century were the Manigramam and Nanadesi. Communities like the Marwari Oswal and Chettiars became principal trading groups of the country over time. Gujarati traders such as the Hindu Baniyas and Muslim Bohras traded extensively with the Red Sea, East Africa, China, Southeast Asia, and Persian Gulf ports. These traders sold spices and textiles in these ports and, in exchange, bought Chinese blue pottery, spices, tin, and silver from China and Southeast Asia and gold and ivory from Africa.

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