Gums and resins are a form of secondary metabolites produced by plants.

While plants primarily focus on producing essential compounds for growth and survival (like sugars through photosynthesis), they also synthesize a diverse range of other substances. These are called secondary metabolites and play various roles, from deterring herbivores to attracting pollinators. Gums and resins fall into this category.

Gums:

• Typically complex carbohydrates.
• Exude from plant tissues in response to injury or stress.
• Often used in food, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications (e.g., thickening agents).
• Examples include gum arabic and guar gum.

Resins:

• Complex mixtures of organic compounds, often terpenoids.
• Produced in specialized structures within the plant.
• Have a sticky, often aromatic nature.
• Play a role in plant defense against insects and diseases.
• Examples include pine resin and frankincense.

It's important to note that the production of secondary metabolites like gums and resins is not a primary function of plants. However, these compounds often have significant ecological and economic importance.