Hardness in water is due to

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${Ca}^{2 +}, {Mg}^{2 +}$

${HCO}_{3}^{-}$

${Na}^{+}$

$K^{+}$

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The quantity of multivalent cations in the water determines its hardness. Positively charged metal complexes with a charge higher than 1+ are referred to as multivalent cations. The cations typically have a charge of 2+. Hard water frequently contains the cations Ca2+ and Mg2+.

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