Have any new giant viruses been discovered recently?

Yes, hundreds of new giant viruses (giruses) were discovered in Earth’s oceans in early 2025. These findings greatly expanded our understanding of their diversity and how they shape the marine microbial food web. 

By analyzing huge amounts of genetic material with advanced computer tools, researchers uncovered 230 complete genomes and hundreds of partial genomes from previously unknown giruses. 

The study also revealed new proteins and confirmed a clear split between the two main families: Algavirales and Imitervirales. This work shows how giruses influence ocean ecosystems and even has possible public health links, especially around algal blooms.

Key Discoveries

• Unprecedented Diversity: A 2025 Nature npj Viruses study identified 230 new giant virus genomes and 398 partial genomes from ocean samples worldwide.
• New Proteins Found: Scientists discovered 500+ functional proteins, some tied to photosynthesis.
• Two Major Families:
  • Algavirales – viruses that mainly infect algae.
  • Imitervirales – viruses with more flexible and varied genetics.
• Advanced Tools: Breakthroughs came from powerful software like BEREN, which can process massive genetic datasets.

Ecological and Health Impact

• Shaping Ocean Life: Giruses affect the ocean’s microbial food web, influencing key organisms like protists and driving global biogeochemical cycles.
• Algal Bloom Insights: Since they infect algae, giruses could be key to understanding and controlling harmful algal blooms, which threaten marine life and human health.
• Biotech Potential: The new enzymes and genetic functions could open doors to future biotechnology applications.