‘Holding together’ federation is not found in

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India

Spain

Belgium

Australia

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

'Holding together' is not found in Australia. Federalism is a type of government in which the powers are divided between the centre, state, and local governments. The balance of power between the federal and state governments varies in every federation. There are two federations- 'holding together' federations and 'coming together- based on the federations' historical context. In 'holding together' federations, a country decides to distribute the power among its component states and the central government. The central government is often more powerful than the states. Different constituent units of the federation sometimes have uneven powers. Some units are also guaranteed special powers. Countries holding together federations include India, Spain, and Belgium. On the other hand, the 'coming together federation involves independent states coming together on their own will to form a more extensive unit so that, through pooled sovereignty and territoriality, the conditions may increase their security. Australia is an example of a 'coming together' federation.

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