How are the pastoralists adapting to new changes?

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They reduced the size of the herd

They combined pastoral activity with other forms of income

Changed the paths of their annual movement

All of the above

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The pastoralists adapt to new changes by reducing the size of the herd, combining pastoral activity with other forms of income and changing the paths of their annual movement. With the changes in the modern world at such a rapid pace, practising pastoralism has become increasingly complex and exhausting. Their seasonal trends have been affected by new laws and new borders. To overcome this, they changed the paths of their usual movement. For example, the Raika pastoral community changed their typical destination of Sindh to Haryana after the 1947 partition. They also reduced their herds to reduce the stress of feeding a large group, as urbanisation has drastically reduced the number of grazing lands. They have also started combining their meagre income from pastoral activities with other livelihoods, such as agriculture or trade. Nowadays, they are also exerting political pressure on the governments for relief, subsidies, and other forms of support.

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