How Are Water and Minerals Transported in Plants?

Plants have a sophisticated system for transporting water and minerals from the soil to their leaves, where photosynthesis occurs. This process primarily involves the xylem, a specialized tissue that acts like a pipeline.

1. Absorption by Root Hairs: Tiny root hairs increase surface area, absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
2. Movement Through Root Cells: Water moves from cell to cell by osmosis, passing through the epidermis, cortex, and endodermis to reach the xylem.
3. Transport Up the Xylem: Water and minerals travel upward through the xylem vessels, driven by root pressure and the pull of transpiration (water evaporating from leaves).
4. Transpiration Pull: As water evaporates from the leaf surface, it creates a negative pressure that pulls more water up from the roots—a process called the transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism.

Real-World Example: When you water a plant, the liquid moves from the roots to the leaves, enabling growth and photosynthesis.

Actionable Insight: Ensure your plants have well-aerated soil and avoid overwatering to promote healthy root and xylem function.