How cyclone is formed?

A cyclone forms when warm, moist air over ocean waters rises, creating a low-pressure area below. Surrounding air moves in to fill the low-pressure space, and this new air also warms and rises. As the warm air continues rising, it cools and condenses to form clouds, releasing heat (latent heat), which powers the system and further lowers pressure. The process keeps repeating, allowing the system to grow in size and strength.

The rotation of the Earth (Coriolis effect) causes the rising air to spin around a central core, creating the cyclone’s characteristic spiral structure and organized winds. For a cyclone to develop fully, several conditions are needed:

• Warm ocean water (at least 26°C or 79°F)
• Sufficient atmospheric moisture
• Pre-existing low-pressure disturbance
• Low vertical wind shear
• Sufficient distance from the equator for Coriolis effect

Once matured, cyclones have a central calm "eye" surrounded by strong winds and heavy rain bands. The entire weather system moves across the ocean and can cause significant impacts when it makes landfall.