How did the concept of nation-states grow in Europe?

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The members of the dominant class were united by a common way of life.

New social groups came into being.

It was among the educated, liberal middle classes that the ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity.

All of the above.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The concept of nation-states expanded in Europe as the dominant class's members came to share a similar way of life. There were new social groups formed. Following the removal of aristocratic privileges, the notions of national unity became more popular among the educated, liberal middle classes.
1)      The landed aristocracy was the dominating social and political class in Europe. This class's members had a common way of life that crossed geographic boundaries.
2)      The rise of towns and the emergence of commercial classes whose existence was based on output for the market were consequences of the increase in industrial production and trade in Western and parts of Central Europe.
3)      Industrialization started in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, but it didn't start until the nineteenth century in France and several German states.
4)      New social classes, including the middle class and the working class, emerged during this period. Most of them were professionals, businesspeople, and industrialists.
5)      Following the removal of aristocratic privileges, the notions of national unity became more popular among the educated, liberal middle classes. These occurrences gave rise to the concept of nation-states.

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