How Do Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affect Crop Production?

Biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) both play crucial roles in determining crop yield and quality.

• Biotic Factors:
  • Pests and Diseases: Harmful insects and pathogens can damage crops, reducing yield. Beneficial organisms like pollinators and soil microbes can enhance growth.
  • Soil Organisms: Some bacteria and fungi improve soil fertility, while others may cause plant diseases.
• Abiotic Factors:
  • Temperature: Extreme heat or cold can stress plants, affecting growth and productivity.
  • Water: Both drought and waterlogging can harm crops.
  • Soil Type: Fertile, well-structured soil supports healthy plants. Poor soil limits growth.
  • Sunlight: Essential for photosynthesis; insufficient light reduces yields.

Real-World Example: A drought can devastate crops, while a pest outbreak can wipe out a field. Conversely, healthy soil teeming with beneficial microbes can boost productivity.

Actionable Insight: Farmers can manage these factors through irrigation, pest control, crop rotation, and soil management.